# Benchmark Analysis of Representative Deep Neural Network Architectures

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.00736 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.00736/

## Key facts

- Cited by 77 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 1 Oct 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 77)

- [Pruning and Quantization for Deep Neural Network Acceleration: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.09671/) (2021)
- [Taming Visually Guided Sound Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.08791/) (2021)
- [Compute and Energy Consumption Trends in Deep Learning Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.05472/) (2021)
- [DeepEdgeBench: Benchmarking Deep Neural Networks on Edge Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.09457/) (2021)
- [Learning strides in convolutional neural networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.01653/) (2022)
- [Optimal Clipping and Magnitude-aware Differentiation for Improved Quantization-aware Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.06501/) (2022)
- [Fire Together Wire Together: A Dynamic Pruning Approach with Self-Supervised Mask Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.08232/) (2021)
- [RF-Net: a Unified Meta-learning Framework for RF-enabled One-shot Human Activity Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.04566/) (2021)
- [Finite Expression Method for Solving High-Dimensional Partial Differential Equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.10121/) (2022)
- [EVPropNet: Detecting Drones By Finding Propellers For Mid-Air Landing And Following](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.15045/) (2021)
- [The NLP Cookbook: Modern Recipes for Transformer based Deep Learning Architectures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.10640/) (2021)
- [MobileVOS: Real-Time Video Object Segmentation Contrastive Learning meets Knowledge Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.07815/) (2023)
- [DUDES: Deep Uncertainty Distillation using Ensembles for Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.09843/) (2023)
- [Ultra-Efficient On-Device Object Detection on AI-Integrated Smart Glasses with TinyissimoYOLO](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.01057/) (2023)
- [TinyML for Ubiquitous Edge AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.01255/) (2021)
- [Perceptual Loss for Robust Unsupervised Homography Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.10011/) (2021)
- [Single-Shot Optical Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.09103/) (2022)
- [Benchmarking Edge AI Platforms for High-Performance ML Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.14803/) (2024)
- [MoCA: Memory-Centric, Adaptive Execution for Multi-Tenant Deep Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.05843/) (2023)
- [The Lottery Ticket Hypothesis for Self-attention in Convolutional Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.07858/) (2022)
- [Deep Learning based Computer Vision Methods for Complex Traffic Environments Perception: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.05120/) (2022)
- [Fine-Grained Sports, Yoga, and Dance Postures Recognition: A Benchmark Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.00323/) (2023)
- [Personalized Federated Learning with Communication Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.05148/) (2022)
- [A Framework using Contrastive Learning for Classification with Noisy Labels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.09563/) (2021)
- [Mobile-URSONet: an Embeddable Neural Network for Onboard Spacecraft Pose Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.02065/) (2022)
- [Real-time GeoAI for High-resolution Mapping and Segmentation of Arctic Permafrost Features](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.05341/) (2023)
- [Equivariant Differentially Private Deep Learning: Why DP-SGD Needs Sparser Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.13104/) (2023)
- [PLAM: a Posit Logarithm-Approximate Multiplier](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.09262/) (2021)
- [Distributed Reinforcement Learning for Flexible and Efficient UAV Swarm Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.04666/) (2021)
- [Adaptive Parameterization of Deep Learning Models for Federated Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.02949/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This work presents an in-depth analysis of the majority of the deep neural networks (DNNs) proposed in the state of the art for image recognition. For each DNN multiple performance indices are observed, such as recognition accuracy, model complexity, computational complexity, memory usage, and inference time. The behavior of such performance indices and some combinations of them are analyzed and discussed. To measure the indices we experiment the use of DNNs on two different computer architectures, a workstation equipped with a NVIDIA Titan X Pascal and an embedded system based on a NVIDIA Jetson TX1 board. This experimentation allows a direct comparison between DNNs running on machines with very different computational capacity. This study is useful for researchers to have a complete view of what solutions have been explored so far and in which research directions are worth exploring in the future; and for practitioners to select the DNN architecture(s) that better fit the resource constraints of practical deployments and applications. To complete this work, all the DNNs, as well as the software used for the analysis, are available online.
