# Simultaneous Scheduling of Multiple Frequency Services in Stochastic Unit Commitment

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.10391 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1809.10391/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 27 Sep 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Encoding Frequency Constraints in Preventive Unit Commitment Using Deep Learning with Region-of-Interest Active Sampling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.09583/) (2021)
- [Efficient Sampling for Data-Driven Frequency Stability Constraint via Forward-Mode Automatic Differentiation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.15045/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The reduced level of system inertia in low-carbon power grids increases the need for alternative frequency services. However, simultaneously optimising the provision of these services in the scheduling process, subject to significant uncertainty, is a complex task given the challenge of linking the steady-state optimisation with frequency dynamics. This paper proposes a novel frequency-constrained Stochastic Unit Commitment (SUC) model which, for the first time, co-optimises energy production along with the provision of synchronised and synthetic inertia, Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR), Primary Frequency Response (PFR) and a dynamically-reduced largest power infeed. The contribution of load damping is modelled through a linear inner approximation. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated through several case studies for Great Britain's 2030 power system, which highlight the synergies and conflicts among alternative frequency services, as well as the significant economic savings and carbon reduction achieved by simultaneously optimising all these services.