# CAIL2018: A Large-Scale Legal Dataset for Judgment Prediction

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1807.02478 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.02478/

## Key facts

- Cited by 170 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 4 Jul 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 170)

- [A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.06435/) (2023)
- [ERNIE 3.0: Large-scale Knowledge Enhanced Pre-training for Language Understanding and Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.02137/) (2021)
- [DISC-LawLLM: Fine-tuning Large Language Models for Intelligent Legal Services](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.11325/) (2023)
- [Lawformer: A Pre-trained Language Model for Chinese Legal Long Documents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.03887/) (2021)
- [ILDC for CJPE: Indian Legal Documents Corpus for Court Judgment Prediction and Explanation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.13562/) (2021)
- [Swiss-Judgment-Prediction: A Multilingual Legal Judgment Prediction Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.00806/) (2021)
- [PanGu-Sigma: Towards Trillion Parameter Language Model with Sparse Heterogeneous Computing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.10845/) (2023)
- [Lawyer LLaMA Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.15062/) (2023)
- [A Short Survey of Viewing Large Language Models in Legal Aspect](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.09136/) (2023)
- [A Survey on Legal Judgment Prediction: Datasets, Metrics, Models and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.04859/) (2022)
- [FairLex: A Multilingual Benchmark for Evaluating Fairness in Legal Text Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.07228/) (2022)
- [ERNIE 3.0 Titan: Exploring Larger-scale Knowledge Enhanced Pre-training for Language Understanding and Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.12731/) (2021)
- [A Multi-Task Benchmark for Korean Legal Language Understanding and Judgement Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.05224/) (2022)
- [Natural Language Processing for the Legal Domain: A Survey of Tasks, Datasets, Models, and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.21306/) (2024)
- [A Statutory Article Retrieval Dataset in French](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.11792/) (2021)
- [AgentsCourt: Building Judicial Decision-Making Agents with Court Debate Simulation and Legal Knowledge Augmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.02959/) (2024)
- [Legal Syllogism Prompting: Teaching Large Language Models for Legal Judgment Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.08321/) (2023)
- [LexEval: A Comprehensive Chinese Legal Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.20288/) (2024)
- [LEVEN: A Large-Scale Chinese Legal Event Detection Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.08556/) (2022)
- [A Comprehensive Evaluation of Large Language Models on Legal Judgment Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.11761/) (2023)
- [Fine-tuning Large Language Models for Improving Factuality in Legal Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.06521/) (2025)
- [Corpus for Automatic Structuring of Legal Documents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.13125/) (2022)
- [Legal Judgment Prediction with Multi-Stage CaseRepresentation Learning in the Real Court Setting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.05192/) (2021)
- [LeSICiN: A Heterogeneous Graph-based Approach for Automatic Legal Statute Identification from Indian Legal Documents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.14731/) (2021)
- [Beyond Instruction Following: Evaluating Inferential Rule Following of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.08440/) (2024)
- [Factoring Statutory Reasoning as Language Understanding Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.07903/) (2021)
- [Multi-Defendant Legal Judgment Prediction via Hierarchical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.05762/) (2023)
- [LexRAG: Benchmarking Retrieval-Augmented Generation in Multi-Turn Legal Consultation Conversation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.20640/) (2025)
- [SeqGPT: An Out-of-the-box Large Language Model for Open Domain Sequence Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.10529/) (2023)
- [Enabling Discriminative Reasoning in LLMs for Legal Judgment Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.01964/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we introduce the Chinese AI and Law challenge dataset (CAIL2018), the first large-scale Chinese legal dataset for judgment prediction. dataset contains more than 2.6 million criminal cases published by the Supreme People's Court of China, which are several times larger than other datasets in existing works on judgment prediction. Moreover, the annotations of judgment results are more detailed and rich. It consists of applicable law articles, charges, and prison terms, which are expected to be inferred according to the fact descriptions of cases. For comparison, we implement several conventional text classification baselines for judgment prediction and experimental results show that it is still a challenge for current models to predict the judgment results of legal cases, especially on prison terms. To help the researchers make improvements on legal judgment prediction, both dataset and baselines will be released after the CAIL competitionfootnotehttp://cail.cipsc.org.cn/.