# Distributed Ledger Technology: Blockchain Compared to Directed Acyclic Graph

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.10013 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.10013/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 26 Apr 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Enabling Integration and Interaction for Decentralized Artificial Intelligence in Airline Disruption Management](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.03349/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Nowadays, blockchain is becoming a synonym for distributed ledger technology. However, blockchain is only one of the specializations in the field and is currently well-covered in existing literature, but mostly from a cryptographic point of view. Besides blockchain technology, a new paradigm is gaining momentum: directed acyclic graphs. The contribution presented in this paper is twofold. Firstly, the paper analyzes distributed ledger technology with an emphasis on the features relevant to distributed systems. Secondly, the paper analyses the usage of directed acyclic graph paradigm in the context of distributed ledgers, and compares it with the blockchain-based solutions. The two paradigms are compared using representative implementations: Bitcoin, Ethereum and Nano. We examine representative solutions in terms of the applied data structures for maintaining the ledger, consensus mechanisms, transaction confirmation confidence, ledger size, and scalability.