# Swarm Intelligence: Past, Present and Future

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.07999 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.07999/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 21 Apr 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [A Survey on Agentic Service Ecosystems: Measurement, Analysis, and Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.07343/) (2025)
- [A Contradiction-Centered Model for the Emergence of Swarm Intelligence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.19585/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Many optimization problems in science and engineering are challenging to solve, and the current trend is to use swarm intelligence (SI) and SI-based algorithms to tackle such challenging problems. Some significant developments have been made in recent years, though there are still many open problems in this area. This paper provides a short but timely analysis about SI-based algorithms and their links with self-organization. Different characteristics and properties are analyzed here from both mathematical and qualitative perspectives. Future research directions are outlined and open questions are also highlighted.