# Photometric Stereo in Participating Media Considering Shape-Dependent Forward Scatter

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.02836 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.02836/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 9 Apr 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Absorption-Based, Passive Range Imaging from Hyperspectral Thermal Measurements](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.05818/) (2023)
- [Ozone Cues Mitigate Reflected Downwelling Radiance in LWIR Absorption-Based Ranging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.00273/) (2026)
- [Light Field-Based Underwater 3D Reconstruction Via Angular Resampling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.02116/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Images captured in participating media such as murky water, fog, or smoke are degraded by scattered light. Thus, the use of traditional three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques in such environments is difficult. In this paper, we propose a photometric stereo method for participating media. The proposed method differs from previous studies with respect to modeling shape-dependent forward scatter. In the proposed model, forward scatter is described as an analytical form using lookup tables and is represented by spatially-variant kernels. We also propose an approximation of a large-scale dense matrix as a sparse matrix, which enables the removal of forward scatter. Experiments with real and synthesized data demonstrate that the proposed method improves 3D reconstruction in participating media.