# Presentation Attack Detection for Iris Recognition: An Assessment of the State of the Art

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.00194 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.00194/

## Key facts

- Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 31 Mar 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 24 of 24)

- [Biometrics: Trust, but Verify](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.06625/) (2021)
- [Deep Learning for Iris Recognition: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.05866/) (2022)
- [ECG Biometric Recognition: Review, System Proposal, and Benchmark Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.03992/) (2022)
- [Iris Liveness Detection Competition (LivDet-Iris) -- The 2023 Edition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.04541/) (2023)
- [Iris Liveness Detection using a Cascade of Dedicated Deep Learning Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.14009/) (2021)
- [Privacy-Safe Iris Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.02750/) (2024)
- [Introduction to Presentation Attack Detection in Iris Biometrics and Recent Advances](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.12465/) (2021)
- [Swap It Like Its Hot: Segmentation-based spoof attacks on eye-tracking images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.13827/) (2024)
- [Post-Mortem Human Iris Segmentation Analysis with Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.03448/) (2024)
- [A Multi-domain Image Translative Diffusion StyleGAN for Iris Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.14314/) (2025)
- [State Of The Art In Open-Set Iris Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.10564/) (2022)
- [VRBiom: A New Periocular Dataset for Biometric Applications of HMD](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.02150/) (2024)
- [Biometrics in Extended Reality: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.10489/) (2024)
- [Iris Style Transfer: Enhancing Iris Recognition with Style Features and Privacy Preservation through Neural Style Transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.04707/) (2025)
- [Saliency-Guided Training for Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.02176/) (2025)
- [AutoSIGHT: Automatic Eye Tracking-based System for Immediate Grading of Human experTise](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.01015/) (2025)
- [SpectraIrisPAD: Leveraging Vision Foundation Models for Spectrally Conditioned Multispectral Iris Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.06103/) (2025)
- [Compact Vision Models for Iris Presentation Attack Detection under Presentation Attack Instrument Shift and Environmental Degradation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.20386/) (2026)
- [DFCANet: Dense Feature Calibration-Attention Guided Network for Cross Domain Iris Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.00919/) (2021)
- [Iris Presentation Attack: Assessing the Impact of Combining Vanadium Dioxide Films with Artificial Eyes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.12773/) (2023)
- [Training Better Deep Learning Models Using Human Saliency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.16190/) (2024)
- [Generalist Multimodal LLMs Gain Biometric Expertise via Human Salience](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.17173/) (2026)
- [VISER: Visually-Informed System for Enhanced Robustness in Iris Presentation Attack Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.17859/) (2026)
- [A Dual-Stream Challenge-Response Protocol for Ocular Liveness Verification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.09883/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Iris recognition is increasingly used in large-scale applications. As a result, presentation attack detection for iris recognition takes on fundamental importance. This survey covers the diverse research literature on this topic. Different categories of presentation attack are described and placed in an application-relevant framework, and the state of the art in detecting each category of attack is summarized. One conclusion from this is that presentation attack detection for iris recognition is not yet a solved problem. Datasets available for research are described, research directions for the near- and medium-term future are outlined, and a short list of recommended readings are suggested.