# LIDIOMS: A Multilingual Linked Idioms Data Set

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.08148 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.08148/

## Key facts

- Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 22 Feb 2018.

## Built on by (most cited first, 15 of 15)

- [Understanding Transformer Memorization Recall Through Idioms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.03588/) (2022)
- [Translate Meanings, Not Just Words: IdiomKB's Role in Optimizing Idiomatic Translation with Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.13961/) (2023)
- [PETCI: A Parallel English Translation Dataset of Chinese Idioms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.09509/) (2022)
- [Semantics of Multiword Expressions in Transformer-Based Models: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.15393/) (2024)
- [Memorization or Reasoning? Exploring the Idiom Understanding of LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.16216/) (2025)
- [IBERT: Idiom Cloze-style reading comprehension with Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.02994/) (2021)
- [Isolating Culture Neurons in Multilingual Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.02241/) (2025)
- [A Survey of Idiom Datasets for Psycholinguistic and Computational Research](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.11828/) (2025)
- [Idiom Understanding as a Tool to Measure the Dialect Gap](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.05026/) (2025)
- [NLP Datasets for Idiom and Figurative Language Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.16345/) (2025)
- [When Words Don't Mean What They Say: Figurative Understanding in Bengali Idioms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.12921/) (2026)
- [Generating Continuations in Multilingual Idiomatic Contexts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.20195/) (2023)
- [SinFoS: A Parallel Dataset for Translating Sinhala Figures of Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.09866/) (2026)
- [Multilingual Idioms in Sentences and Conversations Across High-, Medium-, and Low-Resource Languages](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.02147/) (2026)
- [G-IdiomAlign: A Gloss-Pivoted Benchmark for Cross-Lingual Idiom Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.18989/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we describe the LIDIOMS data set, a multilingual RDF representation of idioms currently containing five languages: English, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Russian. The data set is intended to support natural language processing applications by providing links between idioms across languages. The underlying data was crawled and integrated from various sources. To ensure the quality of the crawled data, all idioms were evaluated by at least two native speakers. Herein, we present the model devised for structuring the data. We also provide the details of linking LIDIOMS to well-known multilingual data sets such as BabelNet. The resulting data set complies with best practices according to Linguistic Linked Open Data Community.