# Exploring Models and Data for Remote Sensing Image Caption Generation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.07835 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.07835/

## Key facts

- Cited by 197 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 21 Dec 2017.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 197)

- [RemoteCLIP: A Vision Language Foundation Model for Remote Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.11029/) (2023)
- [RSGPT: A Remote Sensing Vision Language Model and Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.15266/) (2023)
- [EarthGPT: A Universal Multi-modal Large Language Model for Multi-sensor Image Comprehension in Remote Sensing Domain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.16822/) (2024)
- [RS5M and GeoRSCLIP: A Large Scale Vision-Language Dataset and A Large Vision-Language Model for Remote Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.11300/) (2023)
- [LHRS-Bot: Empowering Remote Sensing with VGI-Enhanced Large Multimodal Language Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.02544/) (2024)
- [SkyScript: A Large and Semantically Diverse Vision-Language Dataset for Remote Sensing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.12856/) (2023)
- [RSVG: Exploring Data and Models for Visual Grounding on Remote Sensing Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.12634/) (2022)
- [VRSBench: A Versatile Vision-Language Benchmark Dataset for Remote Sensing Image Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.12384/) (2024)
- [SkyEyeGPT: Unifying Remote Sensing Vision-Language Tasks via Instruction Tuning with Large Language Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.09712/) (2024)
- [Vision-Language Models in Remote Sensing: Current Progress and Future Trends](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.05726/) (2023)
- [EarthDial: Turning Multi-sensory Earth Observations to Interactive Dialogues](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.15190/) (2024)
- [Exploring a Fine-Grained Multiscale Method for Cross-Modal Remote Sensing Image Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.09868/) (2022)
- [Remote Sensing Vision-Language Foundation Models without Annotations via Ground Remote Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.06960/) (2023)
- [TEOChat: A Large Vision-Language Assistant for Temporal Earth Observation Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.06234/) (2024)
- [A Billion-scale Foundation Model for Remote Sensing Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.05215/) (2023)
- [Transformers in Remote Sensing: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.01206/) (2022)
- [RRSIS: Referring Remote Sensing Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.08625/) (2023)
- [CRS-Diff: Controllable Remote Sensing Image Generation with Diffusion Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.11614/) (2024)
- [XLRS-Bench: Could Your Multimodal LLMs Understand Extremely Large Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.23771/) (2025)
- [UAVs Meet LLMs: Overviews and Perspectives Toward Agentic Low-Altitude Mobility](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.02341/) (2025)
- [Text2Earth: Unlocking Text-driven Remote Sensing Image Generation with a Global-Scale Dataset and a Foundation Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.00895/) (2025)
- [Recent Advances of Foundation Language Models-based Continual Learning: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.18653/) (2024)
- [Changes to Captions: An Attentive Network for Remote Sensing Change Captioning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.01091/) (2023)
- [Remote Sensing Cross-Modal Text-Image Retrieval Based on Global and Local Information](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.09860/) (2022)
- [EarthNets: Empowering AI in Earth Observation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.04936/) (2022)
- [Good at captioning, bad at counting: Benchmarking GPT-4V on Earth observation data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.17600/) (2024)
- [Visual Instruction Tuning with Polite Flamingo](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.01003/) (2023)
- [Towards Vision-Language Geo-Foundation Model: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.09385/) (2024)
- [DisasterM3: A Remote Sensing Vision-Language Dataset for Disaster Damage Assessment and Response](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.21089/) (2025)
- [Visual Explanations of Image-Text Representations via Multi-Modal Information Bottleneck Attribution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.17174/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Inspired by recent development of artificial satellite, remote sensing images have attracted extensive attention. Recently, noticeable progress has been made in scene classification and target detection.However, it is still not clear how to describe the remote sensing image content with accurate and concise sentences. In this paper, we investigate to describe the remote sensing images with accurate and flexible sentences. First, some annotated instructions are presented to better describe the remote sensing images considering the special characteristics of remote sensing images. Second, in order to exhaustively exploit the contents of remote sensing images, a large-scale aerial image data set is constructed for remote sensing image caption. Finally, a comprehensive review is presented on the proposed data set to fully advance the task of remote sensing caption. Extensive experiments on the proposed data set demonstrate that the content of the remote sensing image can be completely described by generating language descriptions. The data set is available at https://github.com/201528014227051/RSICD_optimal