# A Cascade Architecture for Keyword Spotting on Mobile Devices

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.03603 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.03603/

## Key facts

- Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 10 Dec 2017.

## Built on by (most cited first, 15 of 15)

- [Edge Impulse: An MLOps Platform for Tiny Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.03332/) (2022)
- [Widening Access to Applied Machine Learning with TinyML](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.04008/) (2021)
- [Noisy student-teacher training for robust keyword spotting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.01604/) (2021)
- [Production federated keyword spotting via distillation, filtering, and joint federated-centralized training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06322/) (2022)
- [Streaming Transformer for Hardware Efficient Voice Trigger Detection and False Trigger Mitigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.06598/) (2021)
- [On the quantization of recurrent neural networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.05453/) (2021)
- [Personalized Keyword Spotting through Multi-task Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.13708/) (2022)
- [Dynamic curriculum learning via data parameters for noise robust keyword spotting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.09666/) (2021)
- [Sub-mW Keyword Spotting on an MCU: Analog Binary Feature Extraction and Binary Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.03386/) (2022)
- [Utilizing TTS Synthesized Data for Efficient Development of Keyword Spotting Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.18879/) (2024)
- [HEiMDaL: Highly Efficient Method for Detection and Localization of wake-words](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.15425/) (2022)
- [Multi-task Learning with Cross Attention for Keyword Spotting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.07634/) (2021)
- [Adversarial training of Keyword Spotting to Minimize TTS Data Overfitting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.10463/) (2024)
- [Implementing Keyword Spotting on the MCUX947 Microcontroller with Integrated NPU](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.08911/) (2025)
- [Environmental Sound Classification on An Embedded Hardware Platform](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.09106/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present a cascade architecture for keyword spotting with speaker verification on mobile devices. By pairing a small computational footprint with specialized digital signal processing (DSP) chips, we are able to achieve low power consumption while continuously listening for a keyword.