# Variational Inference over Non-differentiable Cardiac Simulators using Bayesian Optimization

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.03353 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.03353/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 9 Dec 2017.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Inference over radiative transfer models using variational and expectation maximization methods](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.03346/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Performing inference over simulators is generally intractable as their runtime means we cannot compute a marginal likelihood. We develop a likelihood-free inference method to infer parameters for a cardiac simulator, which replicates electrical flow through the heart to the body surface. We improve the fit of a state-of-the-art simulator to an electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded from a real patient.