# A Scalable Deep Neural Network Architecture for Multi-Building and Multi-Floor Indoor Localization Based on Wi-Fi Fingerprinting

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01990 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.01990/

## Key facts

- Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 6 Dec 2017.

## Built on by (most cited first, 15 of 15)

- [CHISEL: Compression-Aware High-Accuracy Embedded Indoor Localization with Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.01192/) (2021)
- [Hierarchical Multi-Building And Multi-Floor Indoor Localization Based On Recurrent Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.12478/) (2021)
- [Deep Learning Methods for Fingerprint-Based Indoor Positioning: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.14935/) (2022)
- [Federated Distillation based Indoor Localization for IoT Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.11440/) (2022)
- [Federated Learning based Hierarchical 3D Indoor Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.00450/) (2023)
- [Multi-Output Gaussian Process-Based Data Augmentation for Multi-Building and Multi-Floor Indoor Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.01980/) (2022)
- [Variational Information Bottleneck Model for Accurate Indoor Position Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.10655/) (2021)
- [A Simplistic and Cost-Effective Design for Real-World Development of an Ambient Assisted Living System for Fall Detection and Indoor Localization: Proof of Concept](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.11623/) (2022)
- [Static vs. Dynamic Databases for Indoor Localization based on Wi-Fi Fingerprinting: A Discussion from a Data Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.12756/) (2024)
- [Hierarchical Stage-Wise Training of Linked Deep Neural Networks for Multi-Building and Multi-Floor Indoor Localization Based on Wi-Fi RSSI Fingerprinting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.13288/) (2024)
- [Improving Rating and Relevance with Point-of-Interest Recommender System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.08751/) (2022)
- [On the Multidimensional Augmentation of Fingerprint Data for Indoor Localization in A Large-Scale Building Complex Based on Multi-Output Gaussian Process](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.10642/) (2022)
- [Mean Teacher based SSL Framework for Indoor Localization Using Wi-Fi RSSI Fingerprinting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.13303/) (2024)
- [Decentralized Indoor Localization Based on A Sparse Gaussian Process with Reduced-Dimensional Inputs for Real-Time Sensing and Training on IoT Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.00078/) (2024)
- [Graph-Based Floor Separation Using Node Embeddings and Clustering of WiFi Trajectories](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.08088/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

One of the key technologies for future large-scale location-aware services covering a complex of multi-story buildings --- e.g., a big shopping mall and a university campus --- is a scalable indoor localization technique. In this paper, we report the current status of our investigation on the use of deep neural networks (DNNs) for scalable building/floor classification and floor-level position estimation based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting. Exploiting the hierarchical nature of the building/floor estimation and floor-level coordinates estimation of a location, we propose a new DNN architecture consisting of a stacked autoencoder for the reduction of feature space dimension and a feed-forward classifier for multi-label classification of building/floor/location, on which the multi-building and multi-floor indoor localization system based on Wi-Fi fingerprinting is built. Experimental results for the performance of building/floor estimation and floor-level coordinates estimation of a given location demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed DNN-based indoor localization system, which can provide near state-of-the-art performance using a single DNN, for the implementation with lower complexity and energy consumption at mobile devices.