# Causal nearest neighbor rules for optimal treatment regimes

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.08451 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1711.08451/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 22 Nov 2017.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Safe and Interpretable Estimation of Optimal Treatment Regimes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.15333/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The estimation of optimal treatment regimes is of considerable interest to precision medicine. In this work, we propose a causal k-nearest neighbor method to estimate the optimal treatment regime. The method roots in the framework of causal inference, and estimates the causal treatment effects within the nearest neighborhood. Although the method is simple, it possesses nice theoretical properties. We show that the causal k-nearest neighbor regime is universally consistent. That is, the causal k-nearest neighbor regime will eventually learn the optimal treatment regime as the sample size increases. We also establish its convergence rate. However, the causal k-nearest neighbor regime may suffer from the curse of dimensionality, i.e. performance deteriorates as dimensionality increases. To alleviate this problem, we develop an adaptive causal k-nearest neighbor method to perform metric selection and variable selection simultaneously. The performance of the proposed methods is illustrated in simulation studies and in an analysis of a chronic depression clinical trial.