# Markov Brains: A Technical Introduction

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.05601 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.05601/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2017.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Information Fragmentation, Encryption and Information Flow in Complex Biological Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.13585/) (2021)
- [Incentivising cooperation by rewarding the weakest member](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.00119/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Markov Brains are a class of evolvable artificial neural networks (ANN). They differ from conventional ANNs in many aspects, but the key difference is that instead of a layered architecture, with each node performing the same function, Markov Brains are networks built from individual computational components. These computational components interact with each other, receive inputs from sensors, and control motor outputs. The function of the computational components, their connections to each other, as well as connections to sensors and motors are all subject to evolutionary optimization. Here we describe in detail how a Markov Brain works, what techniques can be used to study them, and how they can be evolved.