# Amulet: Aggregating Multi-level Convolutional Features for Salient Object Detection

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.02001 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.02001/

## Key facts

- Cited by 93 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 7 Aug 2017.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 93)

- [Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation by Contrasting Object Mask Proposals](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.06191/) (2021)
- [Camouflaged Object Segmentation with Distraction Mining](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.10475/) (2021)
- [Salient Object Detection via Integrity Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.07663/) (2021)
- [Feature Shrinkage Pyramid for Camouflaged Object Detection with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.14816/) (2023)
- [P2T: Pyramid Pooling Transformer for Scene Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.12011/) (2021)
- [Specificity-preserving RGB-D Saliency Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.08162/) (2021)
- [Boundary-Guided Camouflaged Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.00794/) (2022)
- [Enhanced Boundary Learning for Glass-like Object Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.15734/) (2021)
- [Sparse-to-dense Feature Matching: Intra and Inter domain Cross-modal Learning in Domain Adaptation for 3D Semantic Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.14724/) (2021)
- [Edge-aware Guidance Fusion Network for RGB Thermal Scene Parsing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.05144/) (2021)
- [Finding an Unsupervised Image Segmenter in Each of Your Deep Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.08127/) (2021)
- [Boundary-Aware Segmentation Network for Mobile and Web Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.04704/) (2021)
- [Feature Aggregation and Propagation Network for Camouflaged Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.00990/) (2022)
- [Disentangled High Quality Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.03551/) (2021)
- [Depth Quality-Inspired Feature Manipulation for Efficient RGB-D Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.01779/) (2021)
- [TRACER: Extreme Attention Guided Salient Object Tracing Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.07380/) (2021)
- [Multi-Scale and Detail-Enhanced Segment Anything Model for Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.04326/) (2024)
- [MFNet: Multi-filter Directive Network for Weakly Supervised Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.01732/) (2021)
- [Position, Padding and Predictions: A Deeper Look at Position Information in CNNs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.12322/) (2021)
- [Texture-guided Saliency Distilling for Unsupervised Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.05921/) (2022)
- [Weakly-supervised Instance Segmentation via Class-agnostic Learning with Salient Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.01526/) (2021)
- [Recursive Contour Saliency Blending Network for Accurate Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.13865/) (2021)
- [A Weakly Supervised Learning Framework for Salient Object Detection via Hybrid Labels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.02957/) (2022)
- [Salient Objects in Clutter](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.03053/) (2021)
- [Multi-Source Fusion and Automatic Predictor Selection for Zero-Shot Video Object Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.05076/) (2021)
- [Fully Transformer Network for Change Detection of Remote Sensing Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.00757/) (2022)
- [Towards Diverse Binary Segmentation via A Simple yet General Gated Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.10396/) (2023)
- [Multi-Content Complementation Network for Salient Object Detection in Optical Remote Sensing Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.01932/) (2021)
- [BiconNet: An Edge-preserved Connectivity-based Approach for Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00334/) (2021)
- [Recurrent Multi-scale Transformer for High-Resolution Salient Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.03826/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) have shown outstanding performance in many dense labeling problems. One key pillar of these successes is mining relevant information from features in convolutional layers. However, how to better aggregate multi-level convolutional feature maps for salient object detection is underexplored. In this work, we present Amulet, a generic aggregating multi-level convolutional feature framework for salient object detection. Our framework first integrates multi-level feature maps into multiple resolutions, which simultaneously incorporate coarse semantics and fine details. Then it adaptively learns to combine these feature maps at each resolution and predict saliency maps with the combined features. Finally, the predicted results are efficiently fused to generate the final saliency map. In addition, to achieve accurate boundary inference and semantic enhancement, edge-aware feature maps in low-level layers and the predicted results of low resolution features are recursively embedded into the learning framework. By aggregating multi-level convolutional features in this efficient and flexible manner, the proposed saliency model provides accurate salient object labeling. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our method performs favorably against state-of-the art approaches in terms of near all compared evaluation metrics.