# A Review and Analysis of Eye-Gaze Estimation Systems, Algorithms and Performance Evaluation Methods in Consumer Platforms

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.01817 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1708.01817/

## Key facts

- Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 5 Aug 2017.

## Built on by (most cited first, 19 of 19)

- [Automatic Gaze Analysis: A Survey of Deep Learning based Approaches](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.05479/) (2021)
- [RadioTransformer: A Cascaded Global-Focal Transformer for Visual Attention-guided Disease Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.11781/) (2022)
- [Conflict Avoidance in Social Navigation -- a Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.12113/) (2021)
- [An End-to-End Review of Gaze Estimation and its Interactive Applications on Handheld Mobile Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.00122/) (2023)
- [Eye-tracked Virtual Reality: A Comprehensive Survey on Methods and Privacy Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.14080/) (2023)
- [A Review of Driver Gaze Estimation and Application in Gaze Behavior Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.01470/) (2023)
- [Spatio-Temporal Attention and Gaussian Processes for Personalized Video Gaze Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.05215/) (2024)
- [Accurate Eye Tracking from Dense 3D Surface Reconstructions using Single-Shot Deflectometry](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.07298/) (2023)
- [LEyes: A Lightweight Framework for Deep Learning-Based Eye Tracking using Synthetic Eye Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.06129/) (2023)
- [Looking Inside Out: Anticipating Driver Intent From Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.01444/) (2023)
- [HybridGazeNet: Geometric model guided Convolutional Neural Networks for gaze estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.11691/) (2021)
- [Appearance-based gaze estimation enhanced with synthetic images using deep neural networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.14175/) (2023)
- [Using Deep Learning to Increase Eye-Tracking Robustness, Accuracy, and Precision in Virtual Reality](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.19768/) (2024)
- [Fixation-based Self-calibration for Eye Tracking in VR Headsets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.00391/) (2023)
- [Stable Tracking of Eye Gaze Direction During Ophthalmic Surgery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.00635/) (2025)
- [EgoAdapt: Enhancing Robustness in Egocentric Interactive Speaker Detection Under Missing Modalities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.18082/) (2026)
- [Polarization-Based Eye Tracking with Personalized Siamese Architectures](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.25889/) (2026)
- [Rotational Motion-Induced Error Compensation for Phase-Shifting Profilometry-Based Eye Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.14876/) (2026)
- [Marker-free eye-gaze estimation using a single image and depth from defocus](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.09610/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper a review is presented of the research on eye gaze estimation techniques and applications, that has progressed in diverse ways over the past two decades. Several generic eye gaze use-cases are identified: desktop, TV, head-mounted, automotive and handheld devices. Analysis of the literature leads to the identification of several platform specific factors that influence gaze tracking accuracy. A key outcome from this review is the realization of a need to develop standardized methodologies for performance evaluation of gaze tracking systems and achieve consistency in their specification and comparative evaluation. To address this need, the concept of a methodological framework for practical evaluation of different gaze tracking systems is proposed.