# Learning to Predict Charges for Criminal Cases with Legal Basis

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.09168 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.09168/

## Key facts

- Cited by 61 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 28 Jul 2017.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 61)

- [Lawformer: A Pre-trained Language Model for Chinese Legal Long Documents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.03887/) (2021)
- [ILDC for CJPE: Indian Legal Documents Corpus for Court Judgment Prediction and Explanation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.13562/) (2021)
- [Paragraph-level Rationale Extraction through Regularization: A case study on European Court of Human Rights Cases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.13084/) (2021)
- [Swiss-Judgment-Prediction: A Multilingual Legal Judgment Prediction Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.00806/) (2021)
- [Lawyer LLaMA Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.15062/) (2023)
- [Precedent-Enhanced Legal Judgment Prediction with LLM and Domain-Model Collaboration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.09241/) (2023)
- [A Survey on Legal Judgment Prediction: Datasets, Metrics, Models and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.04859/) (2022)
- [Natural Language Processing for the Legal Domain: A Survey of Tasks, Datasets, Models, and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.21306/) (2024)
- [A Statutory Article Retrieval Dataset in French](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.11792/) (2021)
- [Legal Syllogism Prompting: Teaching Large Language Models for Legal Judgment Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.08321/) (2023)
- [LawGPT: A Chinese Legal Knowledge-Enhanced Large Language Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.04614/) (2024)
- [On the Ethical Limits of Natural Language Processing on Legal Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.02751/) (2021)
- [Legal Judgment Prediction with Multi-Stage CaseRepresentation Learning in the Real Court Setting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.05192/) (2021)
- [LeSICiN: A Heterogeneous Graph-based Approach for Automatic Legal Statute Identification from Indian Legal Documents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.14731/) (2021)
- [Multi-Defendant Legal Judgment Prediction via Hierarchical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.05762/) (2023)
- [JuDGE: Benchmarking Judgment Document Generation for Chinese Legal System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.14258/) (2025)
- [Learning Fine-grained Fact-Article Correspondence in Legal Cases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.10726/) (2021)
- [Everything Has a Cause: Leveraging Causal Inference in Legal Text Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.09420/) (2021)
- [AutoLAW: Augmented Legal Reasoning through Legal Precedent Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.16034/) (2021)
- [Zero-shot Transfer of Article-aware Legal Outcome Classification for European Court of Human Rights Cases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.00609/) (2023)
- [Dependency Learning for Legal Judgment Prediction with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.06370/) (2021)
- [Leveraging Task Dependency and Contrastive Learning for Case Outcome Classification on European Court of Human Rights Cases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.00768/) (2023)
- [Agents on the Bench: Large Language Model Based Multi Agent Framework for Trustworthy Digital Justice](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.18697/) (2024)
- [LawGPT: Knowledge-Guided Data Generation and Its Application to Legal LLM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.06572/) (2025)
- [Agent-Specific Deontic Modality Detection in Legal Language](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.12752/) (2022)
- [Towards Explainability and Fairness in Swiss Judgement Prediction: Benchmarking on a Multilingual Dataset](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.17013/) (2024)
- [Unsupervised Law Article Mining based on Deep Pre-Trained Language Representation Models with Application to the Italian Civil Code](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.03033/) (2021)
- [GLARE: Agentic Reasoning for Legal Judgment Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.16383/) (2025)
- [Japanese Tort-case Dataset for Rationale-supported Legal Judgment Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00480/) (2023)
- [Enhancing Court View Generation with Knowledge Injection and Guidance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.04366/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The charge prediction task is to determine appropriate charges for a given case, which is helpful for legal assistant systems where the user input is fact description. We argue that relevant law articles play an important role in this task, and therefore propose an attention-based neural network method to jointly model the charge prediction task and the relevant article extraction task in a unified framework. The experimental results show that, besides providing legal basis, the relevant articles can also clearly improve the charge prediction results, and our full model can effectively predict appropriate charges for cases with different expression styles.