# Broadband DOA estimation using Convolutional neural networks trained with noise signals

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.00919 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1705.00919/

## Key facts

- Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 2 May 2017.

## Built on by (most cited first, 15 of 15)

- [A Survey of Sound Source Localization with Deep Learning Methods](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.03465/) (2021)
- [Sound Localization by Self-Supervised Time Delay Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.12489/) (2022)
- [DA-MUSIC: Data-Driven DoA Estimation via Deep Augmented MUSIC Algorithm](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.10581/) (2021)
- [PILOT: Introducing Transformers for Probabilistic Sound Event Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.03903/) (2021)
- [Extending GCC-PHAT using Shift Equivariant Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.04654/) (2022)
- [SubspaceNet: Deep Learning-Aided Subspace Methods for DoA Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.02271/) (2023)
- [Exploiting Attention-based Sequence-to-Sequence Architectures for Sound Event Localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00417/) (2021)
- [LocSelect: Target Speaker Localization with an Auditory Selective Hearing Mechanism](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.10497/) (2023)
- [PhaseCoder: Microphone Geometry-Agnostic Spatial Audio Understanding for Multimodal LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.21124/) (2026)
- [Dual input neural networks for positional sound source localization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.04169/) (2023)
- [A Data-Driven Approach to Violin Making](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.04254/) (2021)
- [End-to-end Alexa Device Arbitration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.04914/) (2021)
- [SofaMyRoom: a fast and multiplatform "shoebox" room simulator for binaural room impulse response dataset generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.12992/) (2021)
- [Feature Aggregation in Joint Sound Classification and Localization Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.19063/) (2023)
- [Audio Simulation for Sound Source Localization in Virtual Evironment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.01611/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

A convolution neural network (CNN) based classification method for broadband DOA estimation is proposed, where the phase component of the short-time Fourier transform coefficients of the received microphone signals are directly fed into the CNN and the features required for DOA estimation are learnt during training. Since only the phase component of the input is used, the CNN can be trained with synthesized noise signals, thereby making the preparation of the training data set easier compared to using speech signals. Through experimental evaluation, the ability of the proposed noise trained CNN framework to generalize to speech sources is demonstrated. In addition, the robustness of the system to noise, small perturbations in microphone positions, as well as its ability to adapt to different acoustic conditions is investigated using experiments with simulated and real data.