# Cooperation among competitors in the open-source arena: The case of OpenStack

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.09462 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1612.09462/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 30 Dec 2016.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Public-private funding models in open source software development: A case study on scikit-learn](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.06484/) (2024)
- [Why Companies "Democratise" Artificial Intelligence: The Case of Open Source Software Donations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.17876/) (2024)
- [Characterising Open Source Co-opetition in Company-hosted Open Source Software Projects: The Cases of PyTorch, TensorFlow, and Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.18241/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Interorganizational interactions are often complex and paradoxical. In this research, we transcend two management paradoxes: competition versus cooperation and open-source versus proprietary technology development. We follow the OpenStack open-source ecosystem where competing firms cooperate in the joint-development of a cloud infrastructure for big data. We provide a narrative, complemented with social network visualizations, which depicts the evolution of cooperation and competition. Our findings suggest that development transparency and weak intellectual property rights (i.e., characteristics of open-source ecosystems) allow a focal firm to transfer information and resources more easily between multiple alliances.