# On the Similarities Between Native, Non-native and Translated Texts

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.03204 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.03204/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 11 Sep 2016.

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Lost in Translationese? Reducing Translation Effect Using Abstract Meaning Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.11501/) (2023)
- [M2QA: Multi-domain Multilingual Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.01091/) (2024)
- [Multi-Task and Multi-Corpora Training Strategies to Enhance Argumentative Sentence Linking Performance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.13067/) (2021)
- [RALS: Resources and Baselines for Romanian Automatic Lexical Simplification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.20078/) (2026)
- [Dialects of Translationese Shape Language Model Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.16469/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present a computational analysis of three language varieties: native, advanced non-native, and translation. Our goal is to investigate the similarities and differences between non-native language productions and translations, contrasting both with native language. Using a collection of computational methods we establish three main results: (1) the three types of texts are easily distinguishable; (2) non-native language and translations are closer to each other than each of them is to native language; and (3) some of these characteristics depend on the source or native language, while others do not, reflecting, perhaps, unified principles that similarly affect translations and non-native language.