# Extraction of Layout Entities and Sub-layout Query-based Retrieval of Document Images

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.02687 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02687/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 9 Sep 2016.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [An Agentic Framework Using Rules and LLMs for Embedding and Annotating Descriptive Document Layouts: A Plant Science Use Case](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.14587/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Layouts and sub-layouts constitute an important clue while searching a document on the basis of its structure, or when textual content is unknown/irrelevant. A sub-layout specifies the arrangement of document entities within a smaller portion of the document. We propose an efficient graph-based matching algorithm, integrated with hash-based indexing, to prune a possibly large search space. A user can specify a combination of sub-layouts of interest using sketch-based queries. The system supports partial matching for unspecified layout entities. We handle cases of segmentation pre-processing errors (for text/non-text blocks) with a symmetry maximization-based strategy, and accounting for multiple domain-specific plausible segmentation hypotheses. We show promising results of our system on a database of unstructured entities, containing 4776 newspaper images.