# Inter-Technology Backscatter: Towards Internet Connectivity for Implanted Devices

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.04663 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.04663/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 15 Jul 2016.

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Real-time Neural Network Inference on Extremely Weak Devices: Agile Offloading with Explainable AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.14229/) (2023)
- [DeepGANTT: A Scalable Deep Learning Scheduler for Backscatter Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.12985/) (2021)
- [Robust Generalization of Graph Neural Networks for Carrier Scheduling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.08479/) (2024)
- [AI-Empowered UAV-Assisted Backscatter Localization and ISAC for Zero-Energy IoT: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.23125/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce inter-technology backscatter, a novel approach that transforms wireless transmissions from one technology to another, on the air. Specifically, we show for the first time that Bluetooth transmissions can be used to create Wi-Fi and ZigBee-compatible signals using backscatter communication. Since Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and ZigBee radios are widely available, this approach enables a backscatter design that works using only commodity devices. We build prototype backscatter hardware using an FPGA and experiment with various Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and ZigBee devices. Our experiments show we can create 2-11 Mbps Wi-Fi standards-compliant signals by backscattering Bluetooth transmissions. To show the generality of our approach, we also demonstrate generation of standards-complaint ZigBee signals by backscattering Bluetooth transmissions. Finally, we build proof-of-concepts for previously infeasible applications including the first contact lens form-factor antenna prototype and an implantable neural recording interface that communicate directly with commodity devices such as smartphones and watches, thus enabling the vision of Internet connected implanted devices.