# Tie-breaker: Using language models to quantify gender bias in sports journalism

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.03895 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.03895/

## Key facts

- Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 13 Jul 2016.

## Built on by (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [A Survey on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.14168/) (2021)
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- [DIONYSUS: A Pre-trained Model for Low-Resource Dialogue Summarization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.10018/) (2022)
- [Quantifying Gender Biases Towards Politicians on Reddit](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.12014/) (2021)
- [How Prevalent is Gender Bias in ChatGPT? -- Exploring German and English ChatGPT Responses](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.03031/) (2023)
- [Sports and Women's Sports: Gender Bias in Text Generation with Olympic Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.04218/) (2025)
- [CO-STAR: Conceptualisation of Stereotypes for Analysis and Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.00819/) (2021)
- [Interpreting Answers to Yes-No Questions in Dialogues from Multiple Domains](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.16262/) (2024)
- [Investigating Cross-Linguistic Gender Bias in Hindi-English Across Domains](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.11159/) (2021)
- [Efficient Intent-Based Filtering for Multi-Party Conversations Using Knowledge Distillation from LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.17336/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Gender bias is an increasingly important issue in sports journalism. In this work, we propose a language-model-based approach to quantify differences in questions posed to female vs. male athletes, and apply it to tennis post-match interviews. We find that journalists ask male players questions that are generally more focused on the game when compared with the questions they ask their female counterparts. We also provide a fine-grained analysis of the extent to which the salience of this bias depends on various factors, such as question type, game outcome or player rank.