# Low-rank Optimization with Convex Constraints

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01793 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.01793/

## Key facts

- Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 6 Jun 2016.

## Built on by (most cited first, 5 of 5)

- [Lasry-Lions Envelopes and Nonconvex Optimization: A Homotopy Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.08533/) (2021)
- [Hankel low-rank approximation and completion in time series analysis and forecasting: a brief review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.05103/) (2022)
- [Learning Transition Operators From Sparse Space-Time Samples](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.00746/) (2022)
- [Tractable downfall of basis pursuit in structured sparse optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.19126/) (2025)
- [Rectify and Align GPS Points to Parking Spots via Rank-1 Constraint](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.13439/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The problem of low-rank approximation with convex constraints, which appears in data analysis, system identification, model order reduction, low-order controller design and low-complexity modelling is considered. Given a matrix, the objective is to find a low-rank approximation that meets rank and convex constraints, while minimizing the distance to the matrix in the squared Frobenius norm. In many situations, this non-convex problem is convexified by nuclear norm regularization. However, we will see that the approximations obtained by this method may be far from optimal. In this paper, we propose an alternative convex relaxation that uses the convex envelope of the squared Frobenius norm and the rank constraint. With this approach, easily verifiable conditions are obtained under which the solutions to the convex relaxation and the original non-convex problem coincide. An SDP representation of the convex envelope is derived, which allows us to apply this approach to several known problems. Our example on optimal low-rank Hankel approximation/model reduction illustrates that the proposed convex relaxation performs consistently better than nuclear norm regularization and may outperform balanced truncation.