# Learning Natural Language Inference using Bidirectional LSTM model and Inner-Attention

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.09090 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1605.09090/

## Key facts

- Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 30 May 2016.

## Built on by (most cited first, 23 of 23)

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- [Domain Adaptation for Japanese Sentence Embeddings with Contrastive Learning based on Synthetic Sentence Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.09094/) (2025)
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- [Integrating Dependency Tree Into Self-attention for Sentence Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.05918/) (2022)
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## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we proposed a sentence encoding-based model for recognizing text entailment. In our approach, the encoding of sentence is a two-stage process. Firstly, average pooling was used over word-level bidirectional LSTM (biLSTM) to generate a first-stage sentence representation. Secondly, attention mechanism was employed to replace average pooling on the same sentence for better representations. Instead of using target sentence to attend words in source sentence, we utilized the sentence's first-stage representation to attend words appeared in itself, which is called "Inner-Attention" in our paper . Experiments conducted on Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) Corpus has proved the effectiveness of "Inner-Attention" mechanism. With less number of parameters, our model outperformed the existing best sentence encoding-based approach by a large margin.
