# A Random Access Protocol for Pilot Allocation in Crowded Massive MIMO Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.04248 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1604.04248/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 14 Apr 2016.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Handover Protocol Learning for LEO Satellite Networks: Access Delay and Collision Minimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.20215/) (2023)
- [Model-Driven Deep Learning for Non-Coherent Massive Machine-Type Communications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.00516/) (2023)
- [Deep-Unfolded Massive Grant-Free Transmission in Cell-Free Wireless Communication Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.13390/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) technology has great potential to manage the rapid growth of wireless data traffic. Massive MIMO achieves tremendous spectral efficiency by spatial multiplexing of many tens of user equipments (UEs). These gains are only achieved in practice if many more UEs can connect efficiently to the network than today. As the number of UEs increases, while each UE intermittently accesses the network, the random access functionality becomes essential to share the limited number of pilots among the UEs. In this paper, we revisit the random access problem in the Massive MIMO context and develop a reengineered protocol, termed strongest-user collision resolution (SUCRe). An accessing UE asks for a dedicated pilot by sending an uncoordinated random access pilot, with a risk that other UEs send the same pilot. The favorable propagation of Massive MIMO channels is utilized to enable distributed collision detection at each UE, thereby determining the strength of the contenders' signals and deciding to repeat the pilot if the UE judges that its signal at the receiver is the strongest. The SUCRe protocol resolves the vast majority of all pilot collisions in crowded urban scenarios and continues to admit UEs efficiently in overloaded networks.