# Actor-Mimic: Deep Multitask and Transfer Reinforcement Learning

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.06342 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.06342/

## Key facts

- Cited by 178 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 19 Nov 2015.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 178)

- [The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.07864/) (2023)
- [On-Policy Distillation of Language Models: Learning from Self-Generated Mistakes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.13649/) (2023)
- [SpatialVLA: Exploring Spatial Representations for Visual-Language-Action Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.15830/) (2025)
- [Conflict-Averse Gradient Descent for Multi-task Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.14048/) (2021)
- [MT-Opt: Continuous Multi-Task Robotic Reinforcement Learning at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08212/) (2021)
- [Multi-Game Decision Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.15241/) (2022)
- [How to Train Your Robot with Deep Reinforcement Learning; Lessons We've Learned](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.02915/) (2021)
- [Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning with Context-based Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.06177/) (2021)
- [Learning Agile Soccer Skills for a Bipedal Robot with Deep Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.13653/) (2023)
- [Yell At Your Robot: Improving On-the-Fly from Language Corrections](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.12910/) (2024)
- [Rapid Exploration for Open-World Navigation with Latent Goal Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.05859/) (2021)
- [M3ViT: Mixture-of-Experts Vision Transformer for Efficient Multi-task Learning with Model-Accelerator Co-design](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.14793/) (2022)
- [Reset-Free Reinforcement Learning via Multi-Task Learning: Learning Dexterous Manipulation Behaviors without Human Intervention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.11203/) (2021)
- [Pre-Training for Robots: Offline RL Enables Learning New Tasks from a Handful of Trials](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.05178/) (2022)
- [Offline Q-Learning on Diverse Multi-Task Data Both Scales And Generalizes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.15144/) (2022)
- [Independent Component Alignment for Multi-Task Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.19000/) (2023)
- [In Defense of the Unitary Scalarization for Deep Multi-Task Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.04122/) (2022)
- [Reincarnating Reinforcement Learning: Reusing Prior Computation to Accelerate Progress](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.01626/) (2022)
- [Conservative Data Sharing for Multi-Task Offline Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.08128/) (2021)
- [Robot Learning from Randomized Simulations: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.00956/) (2021)
- [Recon: Reducing Conflicting Gradients from the Root for Multi-Task Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.11289/) (2023)
- [Reinforcement Learning for Selective Key Applications in Power Systems: Recent Advances and Future Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.01168/) (2021)
- [MSDN: Mutually Semantic Distillation Network for Zero-Shot Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.03137/) (2022)
- [A Survey on Ensemble Learning under the Era of Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.08387/) (2021)
- [Near-optimal Representation Learning for Linear Bandits and Linear RL](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.04132/) (2021)
- [Sharing Knowledge in Multi-Task Deep Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.09561/) (2024)
- [Hypernetworks in Meta-Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.11348/) (2022)
- [UPDeT: Universal Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning via Policy Decoupling with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.08001/) (2021)
- [Provable Benefits of Representational Transfer in Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.14571/) (2022)
- [Alchemy: A benchmark and analysis toolkit for meta-reinforcement learning agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.02926/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The ability to act in multiple environments and transfer previous knowledge to new situations can be considered a critical aspect of any intelligent agent. Towards this goal, we define a novel method of multitask and transfer learning that enables an autonomous agent to learn how to behave in multiple tasks simultaneously, and then generalize its knowledge to new domains. This method, termed "Actor-Mimic", exploits the use of deep reinforcement learning and model compression techniques to train a single policy network that learns how to act in a set of distinct tasks by using the guidance of several expert teachers. We then show that the representations learnt by the deep policy network are capable of generalizing to new tasks with no prior expert guidance, speeding up learning in novel environments. Although our method can in general be applied to a wide range of problems, we use Atari games as a testing environment to demonstrate these methods.
