# Unsupervised Deep Embedding for Clustering Analysis

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1511.06335 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1511.06335/

## Key facts

- Cited by 767 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 19 Nov 2015.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 767)

- [Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.14294/) (2021)
- [VICReg: Variance-Invariance-Covariance Regularization for Self-Supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.04906/) (2021)
- [A Comprehensive Survey on Test-Time Adaptation under Distribution Shifts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.15361/) (2023)
- [With a Little Help from My Friends: Nearest-Neighbor Contrastive Learning of Visual Representations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.14548/) (2021)
- [Context Autoencoder for Self-Supervised Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.03026/) (2022)
- [A Survey on Self-supervised Learning: Algorithms, Applications, and Future Trends](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.05712/) (2023)
- [Cut and Learn for Unsupervised Object Detection and Instance Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.11320/) (2023)
- [Open-World Semi-Supervised Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.03526/) (2021)
- [PiCIE: Unsupervised Semantic Segmentation using Invariance and Equivariance in Clustering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.17070/) (2021)
- [SCARF: Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning using Random Feature Corruption](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.15147/) (2021)
- [Efficient Self-supervised Vision Transformers for Representation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.09785/) (2021)
- [Rethinking Semantic Segmentation: A Prototype View](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.15102/) (2022)
- [Self-supervised Learning on Graphs: Contrastive, Generative,or Predictive](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.07342/) (2021)
- [Image-to-Lidar Self-Supervised Distillation for Autonomous Driving Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.16258/) (2022)
- [Self-supervised Graph-level Representation Learning with Local and Global Structure](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.04113/) (2021)
- [A Review of Speaker Diarization: Recent Advances with Deep Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.09624/) (2021)
- [Neighborhood Contrastive Learning for Novel Class Discovery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.10731/) (2021)
- [Are Large-scale Datasets Necessary for Self-Supervised Pre-training?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10740/) (2021)
- [AutoNovel: Automatically Discovering and Learning Novel Visual Categories](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.15252/) (2021)
- [Broaden Your Views for Self-Supervised Video Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.16559/) (2021)
- [SPICE: Semantic Pseudo-labeling for Image Clustering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.09382/) (2021)
- [Novel Visual Category Discovery with Dual Ranking Statistics and Mutual Knowledge Distillation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.03358/) (2021)
- [Deep Graph Clustering via Dual Correlation Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.14772/) (2021)
- [Neural Collapse: A Review on Modelling Principles and Generalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.04041/) (2022)
- [Brain Network Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.06681/) (2022)
- [Supporting Clustering with Contrastive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.12953/) (2021)
- [PromptCAL: Contrastive Affinity Learning via Auxiliary Prompts for Generalized Novel Category Discovery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.05590/) (2022)
- [Vision Models Are More Robust And Fair When Pretrained On Uncurated Images Without Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.08360/) (2022)
- [Deep Clustering: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.04142/) (2022)
- [Multi-level Feature Learning for Contrastive Multi-view Clustering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.11193/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Clustering is central to many data-driven application domains and has been studied extensively in terms of distance functions and grouping algorithms. Relatively little work has focused on learning representations for clustering. In this paper, we propose Deep Embedded Clustering (DEC), a method that simultaneously learns feature representations and cluster assignments using deep neural networks. DEC learns a mapping from the data space to a lower-dimensional feature space in which it iteratively optimizes a clustering objective. Our experimental evaluations on image and text corpora show significant improvement over state-of-the-art methods.
