# Training artificial neural networks to learn a nondeterministic game

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.04029 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1507.04029/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 14 Jul 2015.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [A modularity comparison of Long Short-Term Memory and Morphognosis neural networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.11410/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

It is well known that artificial neural networks (ANNs) can learn deterministic automata. Learning nondeterministic automata is another matter. This is important because much of the world is nondeterministic, taking the form of unpredictable or probabilistic events that must be acted upon. If ANNs are to engage such phenomena, then they must be able to learn how to deal with nondeterminism. In this project the game of Pong poses a nondeterministic environment. The learner is given an incomplete view of the game state and underlying deterministic physics, resulting in a nondeterministic game. Three models were trained and tested on the game: Mona, Elman, and Numenta's NuPIC.