# Analysis of Handover Failures in Heterogeneous Networks with Fading

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.01586 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1507.01586/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 6 Jul 2015.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Machine Learning Aided Holistic Handover Optimization for Emerging Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.02851/) (2022)
- [Early-Scheduled Handover Preparation in 5G NR Millimeter-Wave Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.09720/) (2024)
- [Energy Efficient Sleep Mode Optimization in 5G mmWave Networks via Multi Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.22105/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The handover process is one of the most critical functions in a cellular network, and is in charge of maintaining seamless connectivity of user equipments (UEs) across multiple cells. It is usually based on signal measurements from the neighboring base stations (BSs), and it is adversely affected by the time and frequency selectivity of the radio propagation channel. In this paper, we introduce a new model for analyzing handover performance in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) as a function of vehicular user velocity, cell size, and mobility management parameters. In order to investigate the impact of shadowing and fading on handover performance, we extract relevant statistics obtained from a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)-compliant HetNet simulator, and subsequently, we integrate these statistics into our analytical model to analyze handover failure probability under fluctuating channel conditions. Computer simulations validate the analytical findings, which show that fading can significantly degrade the handover performance in HetNets with vehicular users.