# The Lovelace 2.0 Test of Artificial Creativity and Intelligence

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.6142 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1410.6142/

## Key facts

- Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 22 Oct 2014.

## Built on by (most cited first, 14 of 14)

- [Creativity and Machine Learning: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.02726/) (2021)
- [Creative Wand: A System to Study Effects of Communications in Co-Creative Settings](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.02886/) (2022)
- [Chatbots in a Botnet World](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.11126/) (2022)
- [The Turing Deception](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.06721/) (2022)
- [The Narrative Continuity Test: A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Identity Persistence in AI Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.24831/) (2025)
- [Towards A Measure Of General Machine Intelligence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.12075/) (2021)
- [Can I say, now machines can think?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.07526/) (2023)
- [The Meta-Turing Test](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.05268/) (2022)
- [An Objective Laboratory Protocol for Evaluating Cognition of Non-Human Systems Against Human Cognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.08933/) (2021)
- [AI-HRI Brings New Dimensions to Human-Aware Design for Human-Aware AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.11832/) (2022)
- [Next Token Prediction Is a Dead End for Creativity](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.19277/) (2025)
- [React to This (RTT): A Nonverbal Turing Test for Embodied AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.10812/) (2025)
- [The next question after Turing's question: Introducing the Grow-AI test](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.16277/) (2025)
- [Agentic Cognitive Depth: Operational Criteria for Evaluating LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.04168/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Observing that the creation of certain types of artistic artifacts necessitate intelligence, we present the Lovelace 2.0 Test of creativity as an alternative to the Turing Test as a means of determining whether an agent is intelligent. The Lovelace 2.0 Test builds off prior tests of creativity and additionally provides a means of directly comparing the relative intelligence of different agents.