# Multi-Column Deep Neural Networks for Offline Handwritten Chinese Character Classification

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.0261 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1309.0261/

## Key facts

- Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 1 Sep 2013.

## Built on by (most cited first, 15 of 15)

- [Chinese Text Recognition with A Pre-Trained CLIP-Like Model Through Image-IDS Aligning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.01083/) (2023)
- [RZCR: Zero-shot Character Recognition via Radical-based Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.05842/) (2022)
- [Chinese Character Recognition with Radical-Structured Stroke Trees](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.13518/) (2022)
- [Zero-shot Generation of Training Data with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.15660/) (2023)
- [Toward Zero-shot Character Recognition: A Gold Standard Dataset with Radical-level Annotations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.00655/) (2023)
- [STAR: Zero-Shot Chinese Character Recognition with Stroke- and Radical-Level Decompositions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.08490/) (2022)
- [MegaHan97K: A Large-Scale Dataset for Mega-Category Chinese Character Recognition with over 97K Categories](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.04807/) (2025)
- [Improving Chinese Character Representation with Formation Tree](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.12693/) (2024)
- [CoLa: Chinese Character Decomposition with Compositional Latent Components](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.03798/) (2025)
- [SAN: Structure-Aware Network for Complex and Long-tailed Chinese Text Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.06381/) (2024)
- [Zero-Shot Chinese Character Recognition with Hierarchical Multi-Granularity Image-Text Aligning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.24837/) (2025)
- [Bengali Handwritten Grapheme Classification: Deep Learning Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.08249/) (2021)
- [A new database of Houma Alliance Book ancient handwritten characters and classifier fusion approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.05993/) (2022)
- [Rotation-free Online Handwritten Character Recognition Using Linear Recurrent Units](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.01533/) (2026)
- [Logographic Character Visual Pretraining via Semantic-based Contrastive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.00096/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Our Multi-Column Deep Neural Networks achieve best known recognition rates on Chinese characters from the ICDAR 2011 and 2013 offline handwriting competitions, approaching human performance.