# A framework for (under)specifying dependency syntax without overloading annotators

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1306.2091 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1306.2091/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 10 Jun 2013.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Annotating the Tweebank Corpus on Named Entity Recognition and Building NLP Models for Social Media Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.07281/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce a framework for lightweight dependency syntax annotation. Our formalism builds upon the typical representation for unlabeled dependencies, permitting a simple notation and annotation workflow. Moreover, the formalism encourages annotators to underspecify parts of the syntax if doing so would streamline the annotation process. We demonstrate the efficacy of this annotation on three languages and develop algorithms to evaluate and compare underspecified annotations.