# Lensless Imaging by Compressive Sensing

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.7181 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/1305.7181/

## Key facts

- Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 30 May 2013.

## Built on by (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [Untrained networks for compressive lensless photography](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.07609/) (2021)
- [Unrolled Primal-Dual Networks for Lensless Cameras](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.04353/) (2022)
- [Towards Robust and Generalizable Lensless Imaging with Modular Learned Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.01102/) (2025)
- [Privacy-Enhancing Optical Embeddings for Lensless Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.12864/) (2022)
- [LenslessFace: An End-to-End Optimized Lensless System for Privacy-Preserving Face Verification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.04129/) (2024)
- [Learning rich optical embeddings for privacy-preserving lensless image classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.01429/) (2022)
- [Deep Network for Image Compressed Sensing Coding Using Local Structural Sampling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.19111/) (2024)
- [Human-Imperceptible Identification with Learnable Lensless Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.02255/) (2023)
- [Guided Lensless Polarization Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.27357/) (2026)
- [Lensless Gaze Is Not Private by Default: Auditing Identity Leakage Across Disclosure Surfaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.09188/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we propose a lensless compressive imaging architecture. The architecture consists of two components, an aperture assembly and a sensor. No lens is used. The aperture assembly consists of a two dimensional array of aperture elements. The transmittance of each aperture element is independently controllable. The sensor is a single detection element. A compressive sensing matrix is implemented by adjusting the transmittance of the individual aperture elements according to the values of the sensing matrix. The proposed architecture is simple and reliable because no lens is used. The architecture can be used for capturing images of visible and other spectra such as infrared, or millimeter waves, in surveillance applications for detecting anomalies or extracting features such as speed of moving objects. Multiple sensors may be used with a single aperture assembly to capture multi-view images simultaneously. A prototype was built by using a LCD panel and a photoelectric sensor for capturing images of visible spectrum.