# Medical and biomedical MoE

Area: [Mixture-of-experts](https://mlsanity.com/moe/index.md). HTML: https://mlsanity.com/moe/medical-and-biomedical-moe/

## Key facts

- Medical and biomedical MoE: 139 papers on arXiv since 2018 (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- 7 of its 139 mapped papers (5%) cite “M4oE: A Foundation Model for Medical Multimodal Image Segmentation with Mixture of Experts” (2024, arXiv 2405.09446).
- 6 of its 139 mapped papers (4%) cite “Med-MoE: Mixture of Domain-Specific Experts for Lightweight Medical Vision-Language Models” (2024, arXiv 2404.10237).
- 5 new papers 17 Sep–14 Oct.

## Most cited here

- [M4oE: A Foundation Model for Medical Multimodal Image Segmentation with Mixture of Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.09446/) (2024), cited by 7 papers here
- [Med-MoE: Mixture of Domain-Specific Experts for Lightweight Medical Vision-Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.10237/) (2024), cited by 6 papers here
- [When MOE Meets LLMs: Parameter Efficient Fine-tuning for Multi-task Medical Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.18339/) (2023), cited by 4 papers here
- [SAM-Med3D-MoE: Towards a Non-Forgetting Segment Anything Model via Mixture of Experts for 3D Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.04938/) (2024), cited by 3 papers here
- [MedMoE: Modality-Specialized Mixture of Experts for Medical Vision-Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.08356/) (2025), cited by 3 papers here
- [Mixture-of-Shape-Experts (MoSE): End-to-End Shape Dictionary Framework to Prompt SAM for Generalizable Medical Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.09601/) (2025), cited by 2 papers here
- [Learning to Adapt Clinical Sequences with Residual Mixture of Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.02687/) (2022), cited by 1 papers here
- [Patcher: Patch Transformers with Mixture of Experts for Precise Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.01741/) (2022), cited by 1 papers here
- [Multimodal Clinical Trial Outcome Prediction with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.06512/) (2024), cited by 1 papers here
- [M4: Multi-Proxy Multi-Gate Mixture of Experts Network for Multiple Instance Learning in Histopathology Image Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.17267/) (2024), cited by 1 papers here

## New (17 Sep–14 Oct)

- [HierarchiRetina: A Diabetic Retinopathy Screening and Grading Cascade with Heterogeneous Mixture-of-Experts Lesion Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.17933/) (2026-10-13)
- [Anchor-driven Multi-modal Multi-scale Expert Selection for Survival Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.07694/) (2026-10-06)
- [Homogeneous Semantic Alignment and Hierarchical Expert Routing for Radiology Report Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.04499/) (2026-10-03)
- [Role-Guided MOE for Encoder-Level Pathology Representation Learning in WSI Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.34897/) (2026-09-28)
- [EEG-Fusion: Failure-Informed Source-Free Expert Routing for Robust Motor Imagery EEG Decoding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.33962/) (2026-09-27)