# Clinical and biomedical applications

Area: [LLM reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/lr/index.md). HTML: https://mlsanity.com/lr/clinical-and-biomedical-applications/

## Key facts

- Clinical and biomedical applications: 920 papers on arXiv since 2022 (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- 84 of its 920 mapped papers (9%) cite “HuatuoGPT-o1, Towards Medical Complex Reasoning with LLMs” (2024, arXiv 2412.18925).
- 71 of its 920 mapped papers (8%) cite “MedVLM-R1: Incentivizing Medical Reasoning Capability of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) via Reinforcement Learning” (2025, arXiv 2502.19634).
- 51 new papers 17 Sep–14 Oct.

## Most cited here

- [HuatuoGPT-o1, Towards Medical Complex Reasoning with LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.18925/) (2024), cited by 84 papers here
- [MedVLM-R1: Incentivizing Medical Reasoning Capability of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) via Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.19634/) (2025), cited by 71 papers here
- [Med-R1: Reinforcement Learning for Generalizable Medical Reasoning in Vision-Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.13939/) (2025), cited by 70 papers here
- [Lingshu: A Generalist Foundation Model for Unified Multimodal Medical Understanding and Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.07044/) (2025), cited by 52 papers here
- [MedAgents: Large Language Models as Collaborators for Zero-shot Medical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.10537/) (2023), cited by 46 papers here
- [MedReason: Eliciting Factual Medical Reasoning Steps in LLMs via Knowledge Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.00993/) (2025), cited by 42 papers here
- [Can large language models reason about medical questions?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.08143/) (2022), cited by 35 papers here
- [Diagnostic Reasoning Prompts Reveal the Potential for Large Language Model Interpretability in Medicine](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.06834/) (2023), cited by 23 papers here
- [MediQ: Question-Asking LLMs and a Benchmark for Reliable Interactive Clinical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.00922/) (2024), cited by 23 papers here
- [MedCoT: Medical Chain of Thought via Hierarchical Expert](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.13736/) (2024), cited by 22 papers here

## New (17 Sep–14 Oct)

- [Taking the PULSE of Medical Reasoning: Step-Level Retrieval Timing for Knowledge-Grounded Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.20292/) (2026-10-14)
- [ChemArgus: Automated Scientific Diagnostics for Lab-Grade Multimodal Chemistry Reasoning: A Frontier Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.20012/) (2026-10-14)
- [Beyond Reachability: A Relation-Semantic Reasoning Framework for Biomedical Multi-hop QA](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.19754/) (2026-10-14)
- [Learning When to Trust Medical Knowledge: Regression-Safe Routing for Clinical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.19663/) (2026-10-14)
- [MedEvo: Medical Reasoning Evolution through Knowledge Navigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.17690/) (2026-10-13)
- [ChemExplain: A Multimodal Benchmark for Explanatory Chemical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.17183/) (2026-10-12)
- [More Reasoning Is Not Always Better: Executing Clinical Guidelines with LLMs and Rules](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.15912/) (2026-10-11)
- [Lingdan-V2: Large language models for clinically grounded reasoning in traditional Chinese medicine](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.14705/) (2026-10-10)
- [RES-MR: Risk-Aware Reasoning for Explainable and Safe Medication Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.14474/) (2026-10-10)
- [MolP2SBench: Do LLMs Really Reason from Molecular Properties to Structure?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.12522/) (2026-10-08)
- [Learning Probabilistic Logic Programs with Functional Gradient Guided Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.12303/) (2026-10-08)
- [Coverage-Aware Reasoning with Medical Tokens for Diagnosis Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.10641/) (2026-10-07)
- [DeltaRepresentation: Geometry Supervised Representation Learning of Phenotypes via Counterfactual Reasoning for Medical VLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.10286/) (2026-10-07)
- [CircuitATLAS: Agentic reasoning over a systems neuroscience knowledge graph for target discovery in circuitopathies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.09643/) (2026-10-07)
- [Evidence-Bound Reasoning: Neuro-Semantic Verification of Biomedical AI in Glioblastoma Radiogenomics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.08660/) (2026-10-06)
- [Large language models are vulnerable to incidental information in clinical documentation and reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.08585/) (2026-10-06)
- [MedCORE: Criteria-Grounded Clinical Reasoning for Interpretable Medical Image Diagnosis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.08528/) (2026-10-06)
- [MedZERO: Self-Evolving Agents for Open-Ended Medical Reasoning Through Controlled Knowledge Accumulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.08327/) (2026-10-06)
- [Cite What You Explore: Budget-Aware LLM Reasoning over Medical KGs with Verifiable Evidence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.07739/) (2026-10-06)
- [PsyCIDRA: A Dual-Agent Framework for Psychiatric Interviewing and Diagnostic Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.07473/) (2026-10-05)
- [BrainTRACE: Tracing Longitudinal, Multimodal, and Volumetric Evidence in Brain MRI Clinical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.06571/) (2026-10-05)
- [ARISE: Adaptive Agentic Reasoning with Image-grounded Self-Evaluation for Interpretable IBD Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.04777/) (2026-10-03)
- [TCMClinicalReason-Bench: Can Language Models Reason from Pathogenesis to Prescription over Real-World Clinical Cases?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.04215/) (2026-10-03)
- [Hindsight-Guided Rationale Distillation for Rare Disease Diagnosis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.03176/) (2026-10-02)
- [Latent JEPA: Abstract Future Prediction for Latent Reasoning in Chemistry](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.01947/) (2026-10-01)
- [A rubric landscape for evaluating clinical reasoning in large language models: what exists, what is missing, and what needs to be combined](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.01938/) (2026-10-01)
- [ASCRIBE: Atomic and Significance-Based Reasoning for Thai Clinical SOAP Note Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.01234/) (2026-10-01)
- [CineMR: Tool-Integrated Vision-Language Reasoning for Quantitative Cardiac MRI Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.01166/) (2026-10-01)
- [GLoC-EHR: Evidence-Cited Clinical Reasoning over Global Context and Local EHR Events](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.01076/) (2026-10-01)
- [When Do Biological Reasoning Models Use Their Biological Inputs?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.00898/) (2026-10-01)