# Medical imaging and segmentation

Area: [Diffusion models](https://mlsanity.com/diffusion/index.md). HTML: https://mlsanity.com/diffusion/medical-imaging-and-segmentation/

## Key facts

- Medical imaging and segmentation: 1,329 papers on arXiv since 2020 (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- 137 of its 1,329 mapped papers (10%) cite “Brain Imaging Generation with Latent Diffusion Models” (2022, arXiv 2209.07162).
- 124 of its 1,329 mapped papers (9%) cite “Diffusion Models for Medical Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Survey” (2022, arXiv 2211.07804).
- 19 new papers 17 Sep–14 Oct.

## Most cited here

- [Brain Imaging Generation with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.07162/) (2022), cited by 137 papers here
- [Diffusion Models for Medical Image Analysis: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.07804/) (2022), cited by 124 papers here
- [Score-based diffusion models for accelerated MRI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.05243/) (2021), cited by 115 papers here
- [Solving Inverse Problems in Medical Imaging with Score-Based Generative Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.08005/) (2021), cited by 104 papers here
- [Label-Efficient Semantic Segmentation with Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.03126/) (2021), cited by 90 papers here
- [Diffusion Models for Implicit Image Segmentation Ensembles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.03145/) (2021), cited by 86 papers here
- [MedSegDiff: Medical Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.00611/) (2022), cited by 83 papers here
- [Diffusion Models for Medical Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.04306/) (2022), cited by 82 papers here
- [SegDiff: Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.00390/) (2021), cited by 72 papers here
- [Unsupervised Medical Image Translation with Adversarial Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.08208/) (2022), cited by 71 papers here

## New (17 Sep–14 Oct)

- [DeBoneDiT: Depth-Driven Conditional Bridge Diffusion Transformers for Bone Suppression in Chest X-Ray Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.19466/) (2026-10-14)
- [Hierarchical Curriculum Learning for Surgical Video Generation: Focusing on Bilateral Axillo-Breast Approach Robotic Thyroidectomy Datasets](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.17684/) (2026-10-13)
- [Generalizable field of view extension for diffusion MRI via conditional flow matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.17401/) (2026-10-12)
- [Diagnosing Diversity Collapse and Validating Mask-Conditioned Diffusion for Labeled Microtubule Microscopy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.09957/) (2026-10-07)
- [One Frame, Full Heartbeat: ECG-Free Cardiac Cine MRI Synthesis via Phase-Conditioned Flow Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.09397/) (2026-10-07)
- [Unified Multi-plane Autoregressive Diffusion for 3D Multi-contrast MRI Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.09376/) (2026-10-07)
- [One Frame, Full Heartbeat: ECG-Free 4D Cardiac Cine MRI Synthesis via Radial-Decomposed Flow Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.09185/) (2026-10-06)
- [Anatomy-preserving unpaired cone-beam CT refinement for image-guided radiotherapy using pseudo-label guided diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.06094/) (2026-10-05)
- [Uncertainty as a Proxy for Semantic Correctness in Diffusion-Based Medical Image Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.03224/) (2026-10-02)
- [Where to Look Is Not How to Fix: Pre-Denoising Diagnostics and Modality-Dependent Control in Diffusion Composition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.03068/) (2026-10-02)
- [Structural-Functional Brain Connectivity Generation via Multimodal Hypergraph-based Flow Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.02722/) (2026-10-02)
- [Is your uncertainty map wrong, or is its target? Exact diagnostics for the Tweedie diagonal, and a gradient-free alternative](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.33786/) (2026-09-27)
- [Quantum Diffusion Models for Medical Image Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.31070/) (2026-09-25)
- [Atlases Are Already Inside: Recovering Population Templates from Pretrained Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.30566/) (2026-09-24)
- [Field-of-View Extension in Dental Cone-Beam CT via Implicit Neural Representations and Diffusion Model-Based Refinement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.28110/) (2026-09-23)
- [Uncertainty-Aware 3D Residual Wavelet Diffusion for Ultra Low-Field MRI Super-Resolution](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.25319/) (2026-09-21)
- [What Makes a Good Medical Image Tokenizer? Rethinking Reconstruction and Generation in Medical Image Tokenization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.24691/) (2026-09-21)
- [Unsupervised Brain Anomaly Detection as a Bayesian Inverse Problem with Diffusion Prior](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.24265/) (2026-09-21)
- [Forecasting Intrathecal Tracer Enhancement from Pre-Contrast Brain MRI: Direct Regression versus Flow Matching](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.22377/) (2026-09-17)