# Medical LLM alignment

Area: [LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation](https://mlsanity.com/alignment/index.md). HTML: https://mlsanity.com/alignment/medical-llm-alignment/

## Key facts

- Medical LLM alignment: 104 papers on arXiv since 2023 (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- 7 of its 104 mapped papers (7%) cite “HuatuoGPT, towards Taming Language Model to Be a Doctor” (2023, arXiv 2305.15075).
- 6 of its 104 mapped papers (6%) cite “MMedPO: Aligning Medical Vision-Language Models with Clinical-Aware Multimodal Preference Optimization” (2024, arXiv 2412.06141).
- 4 new papers 17 Sep–14 Oct.

## Most cited here

- [HuatuoGPT, towards Taming Language Model to Be a Doctor](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.15075/) (2023), cited by 7 papers here
- [MMedPO: Aligning Medical Vision-Language Models with Clinical-Aware Multimodal Preference Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.06141/) (2024), cited by 6 papers here
- [Zhongjing: Enhancing the Chinese Medical Capabilities of Large Language Model through Expert Feedback and Real-world Multi-turn Dialogue](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.03549/) (2023), cited by 5 papers here
- [STLLaVA-Med: Self-Training Large Language and Vision Assistant for Medical Question-Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.19973/) (2024), cited by 4 papers here
- [Integrating Physician Diagnostic Logic into Large Language Models: Preference Learning from Process Feedback](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.05695/) (2024), cited by 3 papers here
- [Med-PRM: Medical Reasoning Models with Stepwise, Guideline-verified Process Rewards](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.11474/) (2025), cited by 3 papers here
- [CheXPO: Preference Optimization for Chest X-ray VLMs with Counterfactual Rationale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.06959/) (2025), cited by 3 papers here
- [AlpaCare:Instruction-tuned Large Language Models for Medical Application](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.14558/) (2023), cited by 2 papers here
- [Direct Preference Optimization for Suppressing Hallucinated Prior Exams in Radiology Report Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.06496/) (2024), cited by 2 papers here
- [InfiMed-ORBIT: Aligning LLMs on Open-Ended Complex Tasks via Rubric-Based Incremental Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.15859/) (2025), cited by 2 papers here

## New (17 Sep–14 Oct)

- [Multi-Objective Aligned Small Language Model Framework for SUD Patient Dialogue Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.09209/) (2026-10-06)
- [Ontology Concept Overlap as a Training Signal: Knowledge-Grounded Reinforcement Learning for Clinical Question Answering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.06360/) (2026-10-05)
- [Syndrome, Synergy, and Safety: Structured Reasoning and Knowledge-Driven Alignment for TCM Prescription Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.25755/) (2026-09-22)
- [Aligning with Lived Experience: Heterogeneous Benefits of Fine Tuning in Mental Health Support Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.21075/) (2026-09-17)