# Medical and scientific domain agents

Area: [LLM agents and tool use](https://mlsanity.com/agents/index.md). HTML: https://mlsanity.com/agents/medical-and-scientific-domain-agents/

## Key facts

- Medical and scientific domain agents: 902 papers on arXiv since 2023 (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- 69 of its 902 mapped papers (8%) cite “AgentClinic: a multimodal agent benchmark to evaluate AI in simulated clinical environments” (2024, arXiv 2405.07960).
- 43 of its 902 mapped papers (5%) cite “Agent Hospital: A Simulacrum of Hospital with Evolvable Medical Agents” (2024, arXiv 2405.02957).
- 63 new papers 17 Sep–14 Oct.

## Most cited here

- [AgentClinic: a multimodal agent benchmark to evaluate AI in simulated clinical environments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.07960/) (2024), cited by 69 papers here
- [Agent Hospital: A Simulacrum of Hospital with Evolvable Medical Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.02957/) (2024), cited by 43 papers here
- [MMedAgent: Learning to Use Medical Tools with Multi-modal Agent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.02483/) (2024), cited by 43 papers here
- [AI Hospital: Benchmarking Large Language Models in a Multi-agent Medical Interaction Simulator](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.09742/) (2024), cited by 32 papers here
- [MedAgent-Pro: Towards Evidence-based Multi-modal Medical Diagnosis via Reasoning Agentic Workflow](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.18968/) (2025), cited by 26 papers here
- [MedAgentBench: A Realistic Virtual EHR Environment to Benchmark Medical LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.14654/) (2025), cited by 21 papers here
- [A Survey of LLM-based Agents in Medicine: How far are we from Baymax?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.11211/) (2025), cited by 21 papers here
- [ProtAgents: Protein discovery via large language model multi-agent collaborations combining physics and machine learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.04268/) (2024), cited by 19 papers here
- [CACTUS: Chemistry Agent Connecting Tool-Usage to Science](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.00972/) (2024), cited by 19 papers here
- [TxAgent: An AI Agent for Therapeutic Reasoning Across a Universe of Tools](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.10970/) (2025), cited by 19 papers here

## New (17 Sep–14 Oct)

- [Same Claim, Different Interpretations: How LLM Agents Resolve Ambiguity in Scientific Claims](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.20457/) (2026-10-14)
- [HEM-Med: A Hierarchical Agentic Memory Framework for Safe Multi-Center Medication Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.20191/) (2026-10-14)
- [ReproBAIT: Can coding agents build their own biological AI tools?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.19810/) (2026-10-14)
- [PRISMATIC : Prescription Risk Inspection System for Multi-Agent Treatment Interaction in Clinical Decision-Making](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.19762/) (2026-10-14)
- [The Last Mile of Coding Agents for Long-Document Tasks: An Empirical Study on Clinical Trial Protocol Digitization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.18507/) (2026-10-13)
- [Output Discipline Sets the Floor: A Falsification-Guided, Model-Agnostic Agent Protocol for Auditable Hypothesis-Driven Decision Making](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.18298/) (2026-10-13)
- [Agentic4PDM: Host-Governed Evidence Admissibility for Industrial Fault Diagnosis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.17786/) (2026-10-13)
- [UMCR: Universal Medical Concept Recognition through Guideline Integration and Agentic Linking](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.17363/) (2026-10-12)
- [MADDIE: Multi-Agent Drug Discovery Engine](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.16975/) (2026-10-12)
- [AutoNovo: Agentic Program Search Discovers Transferable Nucleic Acid Design Algorithms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.16232/) (2026-10-12)
- [ACED-Bench: Evaluating How LLM Agents Acquire and Act on Causal Evidence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.14381/) (2026-10-09)
- [Masked Diffusion Language Agents for Tool-Integrated Chemical Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.13330/) (2026-10-09)
- [Unlocking the Regulatory Genome by ARGUS: An Evidence-Constrained Agentic Framework for Interpreting Single Nucleotide Variants](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.12281/) (2026-10-08)
- [What Output-Only Review Cannot Verify: Study Contracts for Research Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.11754/) (2026-10-08)
- [CircuitATLAS: Agentic reasoning over a systems neuroscience knowledge graph for target discovery in circuitopathies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.09643/) (2026-10-07)
- [MedZERO: Self-Evolving Agents for Open-Ended Medical Reasoning Through Controlled Knowledge Accumulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.08327/) (2026-10-06)
- [ChartBmkAgent: Harness-Governed Multi-Agent Construction of Chart QA Benchmarks from Sparse Error-Taxonomy Specifications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.08106/) (2026-10-06)
- [PsyCIDRA: A Dual-Agent Framework for Psychiatric Interviewing and Diagnostic Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.07473/) (2026-10-05)
- [MedPrune: Topology-Efficient Multimodal Multi-Agent Communication Evolution for Medical VQA Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.06695/) (2026-10-05)
- [From Benchmark to Bench: Can Agents Survive Real-World Drug Discovery?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.06411/) (2026-10-05)
- [APOD: reasoning-guided agentic population ordinary differential equation discovery for pharmacological digital twins](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.06227/) (2026-10-05)
- [Bridging the Evidence-to-Execution Gap:A Reflective Agent for Multi-Objective Peptide Design](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.06190/) (2026-10-05)
- [MedicalHarness: A Controlled Evaluation of LLMs and Agent Harnesses on Medical Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.05778/) (2026-10-05)
- [LifeLong Digital Twin: A Unified Modeling Paradigm and Agent Harness for Event-Driven Lifelong Health State Trajectories](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.05566/) (2026-10-04)
- [templar: agentic induction and evolution of standardized radiology reporting templates from large-scale clinical corpora](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.05247/) (2026-10-04)
- [MedImageOSWorld: Benchmarking GUI Agents for Medical Image Consoles](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.04800/) (2026-10-03)
- [ARISE: Adaptive Agentic Reasoning with Image-grounded Self-Evaluation for Interpretable IBD Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.04777/) (2026-10-03)
- [Agentic discovery of blood biomarker from distilled private health records](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.04749/) (2026-10-03)
- [Toward a Locally Deployable Agentic Co-Scientist: Small-Model Planning for Early-Stage Drug Discovery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.04740/) (2026-10-03)
- [RadOnc-Agent: An LLM-Orchestrated Framework for AI Workflows Across the Radiotherapy Care Pathway](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.06923/) (2026-10-02)